Editorial
Policy.
How everything here is researched, written, reviewed, and corrected — and, just as importantly, what it isn't and won't be.
What this site publishes.
This site publishes general health and healthcare education written by a practicing physician assistant. The subject matter follows my clinical work: rehabilitation and post-acute care, orthopedic injury and fracture care, joint injection and conservative pain management, spine, and the workers' compensation and med-legal systems that sit alongside all of it.
Three kinds of readers show up here, and they need different things. Patients and families trying to understand a diagnosis, a procedure, or how a rehab stay actually works. Attorneys, case managers, and claims professionals who need clinical concepts explained without a medical degree. Physician assistants and PA students looking at orthopedics, spine, or physiatry as a career.
Everything is written for a general audience. Where a clinical term is unavoidable, it gets defined in plain language the first time it appears. I would rather a page be long and clear than short and impressive.
I write about what I have actually done. If a topic sits outside my clinical experience and I can't source it properly, I don't publish a page on it — not to fill a gap in a content plan, not to chase a keyword, not because a competitor ranks for it.
How content is made.
Single Named Author
Every page is written by me — Kevin E. Groh, PA-C, MSPAS. No ghostwriters, no contributor network, no purchased or syndicated articles, no anonymous "medical team." Credentials are listed and independently verifiable on the credentials page.
Primary Sources First
Clinical claims are grounded in peer-reviewed literature, specialty society guidance, and government sources such as CMS, FDA, and NIH. Where a claim rests on a specific source, that source is named and linked so you can read it yourself.
Evidence Stated Honestly
Where evidence is strong, I say so. Where it's mixed, thin, or actively evolving — which in orthopedics and pain management is often — the page says that too, rather than manufacturing certainty to make a cleaner read.
Experience Labeled as Experience
Clinical judgment built over thirteen years is useful, and it is not the same thing as evidence. When I'm describing what I've observed in practice rather than what a study demonstrates, the text says which one it is.
Dated, Never Evergreen
Every page carries a publication date and a last-reviewed date. Plenty of health sites strip dates to look perpetually current; I would rather show you the date than promise a review cycle I might not hold to. When guidance changes or I find something out of date, the page is corrected or removed — not quietly left standing.
AI Tools, Human Accountability
Where AI assists with research, outlining, or drafting, every clinical claim is verified against primary sources before publication. Nothing is published as unreviewed machine output, and I am fully responsible for everything under my name.
What this content is not.
This is education, not medical advice. Reading anything on this site does not create a patient–provider relationship between us. I am not your clinician, I have not examined you, and I do not know your history, your imaging, your medications, or the twelve other things that would change my answer.
Nothing here is a substitute for evaluation by someone who can actually assess you. General information about a condition is a starting point for a better conversation with your own clinician — not a replacement for one, and not a basis for changing treatment on your own.
I can't answer individual medical questions by email. No diagnoses, no treatment recommendations, no reviewing your MRI report or your records, no second opinions. This isn't reluctance to help; giving individual medical advice to someone I haven't evaluated would be both poor medicine and outside the bounds of appropriate practice.
If this is an emergency
Call 911 or go to your nearest emergency department. Do not wait on information from a website, and do not email me.
Sudden weakness or numbness, loss of bowel or bladder control, a fever with severe back pain, chest pain, or difficulty breathing all need evaluation now — not research.
Not a practice site
This is a professional profile and an educational site. It is not an advertisement for clinical services, it does not solicit patients, and it does not represent any employer, practice, or facility I work with.
Everything published here is written in my personal capacity. No employer reviews, approves, or directs this content, and nothing on this site should be attributed to any organization.
Constructed, never disguised.
No real patient is described anywhere on this site. No case reports, no clinical anecdotes, no "a patient I once saw," and no composites quietly assembled from people I have actually treated.
The usual standard here is de-identification, and it is weaker than it sounds. HIPAA's Safe Harbor method asks you to strip eighteen identifiers and to have no actual knowledge that what remains could identify someone — but the treating clinician always has that knowledge. Safe Harbor was designed for datasets, not for stories. Published case reports in the medical literature clear this bar a different way: they carry the patient's written consent. That, not de-identification, is the real professional standard.
Skilled nursing makes the arithmetic worse. These are small facilities in small towns. A diagnosis, an approximate age, a season, and a complication are individually harmless and collectively enough for a family member, a coworker, or an opposing attorney to recognize someone. I would rather not have to make that judgment correctly every single time.
So the line I draw is not between identified and de-identified. It is between a person I constructed and a person I disguised.
Teaching illustrations are constructed. Where a page walks through a clinical scenario — a patient three weeks out from a hip fracture whose therapy has stalled, say — that scenario is built to explain something, drawn from the general clinical picture rather than from any chart. It is labeled as an illustration on the page. It has no subject, so there is no one whose privacy could be breached and no one whose consent is owed.
Patterns are observations, not cases. Thirteen years of practice produces real knowledge — which questions families ask first, where recoveries commonly stall, what a few thousand injections teach you about when not to reach for one. An observation drawn from hundreds of encounters identifies nobody. Where a page makes that kind of claim it is labeled as clinical observation rather than evidence, exactly as the standards above describe.
What that leaves out is the disguised real case, and that is the one worth giving up. It is the form with a subject who never agreed to appear, and it is the form that survives longest in a search index.
Who pays for any of this.
No advertising
This site carries no ads, no sponsored posts, no paid placements, and no affiliate links. Nobody has paid to appear here or to be described favorably, and there is no arrangement under which they could.
No industry compensation
I receive no compensation from device manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies, injectable or biologic suppliers, or any company whose products might be discussed on this site. If that ever changes, the relationship will be disclosed directly on every page where it could possibly be relevant — not buried here.
No product endorsements
Where a specific device, brand, or product is named, it's because naming it is necessary to explain something clearly. It is not a recommendation, and no brand has any commercial relationship with this site.
No patient recruitment
This site does not solicit patients, advertise clinical availability, or route readers toward any particular practice or facility — including any organization I work with.
No data sold
This is a static site. There are no forms, no logins, no accounts, and no tracking pixels sold to third parties. Aggregate, privacy-preserving analytics tell me which pages get read. Nothing about you is sold, shared, or brokered.
When something is wrong.
Medicine changes, and writers make mistakes. Both are certainties, so the only real question is what happens next.
If you find an error, tell me. That includes patients, families, attorneys, and especially colleagues — if you're a clinician who thinks I've gotten something wrong, I would much rather hear it from you than leave it up.
Substantive corrections are noted on the page itself, dated, with a brief description of what changed. I don't quietly rewrite a claim and pretend the original was never there.
Typos, broken links, and formatting get fixed without a note. Anything that changes the meaning of clinical information gets one.
Corrections & questions.
For errors, sourcing questions, or anything about how this content is produced. Please remember that I can't answer individual medical questions or review your records — for that, you need your own clinician.